Which of the following is a common symptom of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Lower abdominal pain is a hallmark symptom of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. This condition typically leads to inflammation and irritation of the pelvic structures, resulting in pronounced discomfort in the lower abdomen. Patients frequently describe the pain as dull, aching, or cramping in nature, which can be exacerbated by activities such as sexual intercourse or during a pelvic examination.

The other symptoms listed may occur in various conditions but are not specifically indicative of PID. For instance, excessive fatigue can be a general symptom of many medical conditions, including infections and systemic illnesses. Back pain is common and can originate from numerous sources unrelated to PID, such as musculoskeletal issues. Similarly, headaches are nonspecific and can stem from a wide range of causes, from stress to dehydration. In contrast, the association of lower abdominal pain with PID is well-documented and central to its diagnosis.