Which of the following findings is characteristic of gestational diabetes?

Insulin resistance is a characteristic finding in gestational diabetes. This condition typically occurs during pregnancy when the body does not produce enough insulin to meet the increased demands caused by pregnancy hormones. As a result, this leads to elevated blood glucose levels. The development of insulin resistance is particularly impactful, as it can affect the metabolism of carbohydrates and ultimately lead to gestational diabetes if not managed properly.

The other options, such as low fetal heart rate, fainting spells, and severe abdominal pain, do not directly relate to the typical physiological changes or symptoms associated with gestational diabetes. Low fetal heart rate could indicate fetal distress rather than an outcome of gestational diabetes itself. Fainting spells are not specific to this condition and can occur for various reasons during pregnancy. Severe abdominal pain is indicative of other complications rather than a hallmark of gestational diabetes. Thus, insulin resistance stands out as the defining characteristic of this condition.