What is the role of the endometrium in the menstrual cycle?

The endometrium plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, primarily by thickening in preparation for a potential pregnancy. Each month, following menstruation, the endometrium undergoes a series of changes due to hormonal fluctuations, particularly influenced by estrogen and progesterone. As the cycle progresses, the endometrium becomes thicker and more vascularized, creating a nutrient-rich environment ideal for the implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization occurs, the embryo can attach to the endometrium, which is essential for the continuation of the pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the thickened endometrium is shed during menstruation. Thus, its primary function is to provide a suitable site for implantation, making the role of the endometrium essential to reproductive success.