What is the primary purpose of the placenta?

The primary purpose of the placenta is to provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. It acts as a critical interface between the mother and the developing fetus, enabling the transfer of essential substances necessary for fetal growth and development. The placenta is highly vascularized, which allows for effective exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids from the mother’s bloodstream to the fetus. This supply is vital for the fetus's metabolic needs and overall health during pregnancy.

The placenta does also have hormonal functions, but its main role revolves around sustaining the fetus through nutrient and gas exchange. Without this vital support, the fetus would not receive the necessary components it requires to thrive and develop properly. Other options related to regulating body temperature or facilitating fetal movement are secondary or indirect roles and do not encapsulate the primary function of the placenta.