What does a Pap smear screen for?

A Pap smear is a valuable screening tool primarily designed to detect cervical cancer and any precancerous changes in the cells of the cervix. During the procedure, cells are collected from the cervix and examined under a microscope to identify abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cervical cancer or the potential for its development.

This screening is crucial because early detection of abnormalities can lead to timely intervention and treatment, significantly reducing the risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. The Pap smear specifically targets the cervical cells, which is why it is not effective for screening for other gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or uterine fibroids. Each of these conditions has distinct presentations and diagnostic criteria that do not fall within the scope of what a Pap smear assesses.