Define menopause.

Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods, which typically occurs as a natural part of aging in women, usually in their late 40s to mid-50s. This transition marks the end of a woman's reproductive years and is characterized by a decrease in hormone production, particularly estrogen and progesterone. As a result, women experience various physical and emotional changes, such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood swings.

This definition is significant in understanding women's health, as menopause can also signify the onset of certain health risks and changes in long-term health strategies. In contrast, the other options describe conditions or treatments that are not associated with the natural cessation of menstrual cycles. They either refer to phases of the reproductive lifespan that do not pertain to menopause or involve surgical and hormonal interventions that alter hormonal functioning rather than indicate the end of it.